{"id":3817,"date":"2023-02-24T19:58:02","date_gmt":"2023-02-24T19:58:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/climatescience2030.com\/relation-entre-ressources-alimentaires-et-changement-climatique\/"},"modified":"2023-03-21T16:15:02","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T16:15:02","slug":"relation-entre-ressources-alimentaires-et-changement-climatique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/climatescience2030.com\/fr\/relation-entre-ressources-alimentaires-et-changement-climatique\/","title":{"rendered":"Relation entre ressources alimentaires et changement climatique"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image=\u00a0\u00bb1584&Prime; bg_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter center\u00a0\u00bb background_image_loading=\u00a0\u00bblazy-load\u00a0\u00bb bg_repeat=\u00a0\u00bbno-repeat\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb12%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_1=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb12%\u00a0\u00bb text_color=\u00a0\u00bblight\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb id=\u00a0\u00bbculture\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; 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width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_type=\u00a0\u00bbadvanced\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][nectar_highlighted_text color_type=\u00a0\u00bbregular\u00a0\u00bb highlight_color=\u00a0\u00bb#cddb23&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bb#000000&Prime; style=\u00a0\u00bbfull_text\u00a0\u00bb highlight_expansion=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb]\n<h1><em><b>Relation entre ressources alimentaires et changement climatique<\/b><\/em><\/h1>\n[\/nectar_highlighted_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb top_padding=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb3%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_2=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<h2>Des champs et fermes \u00e0 nos tables et poubelles, le syst\u00e8me alimentaire mondial subvient aux besoins de plus d\u2019un milliard de personnes.<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_2=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Selon le rapport de 2019 du GIEC sur le changement climatique et les terres \u00e9merg\u00e9es, l\u2019approvisionnement en nourriture par habitant a augment\u00e9 de plus de 30 % depuis 1961, tandis que l\u2019ensemble du syst\u00e8me alimentaire produit bien plus de calories qu\u2019il n\u2019est n\u00e9cessaire pour nourrir la plan\u00e8te. N\u00e9anmoins, les derni\u00e8res donn\u00e9es de l\u2019ONU indiquent que 828 millions de personnes souffraient encore de la faim en 2021, dont 45 millions d\u2019enfants de moins de cinq ans atteints de marasme : la forme la plus mortelle de malnutrition. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les conflits, les chocs \u00e9conomiques et les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s croissantes exercent de plus en plus de pression sur notre syst\u00e8me alimentaire. Or, la menace du changement climatique vient la renforcer. Par exemple, selon les conclusions les plus r\u00e9centes du GIEC sur les cons\u00e9quences et l\u2019adaptation, le changement climatique freine d\u00e9j\u00e0 la croissance de la productivit\u00e9 et r\u00e9duit les stocks de poissons. Comme nous d\u00e9pendons d&rsquo;une poign\u00e9e de cultures domin\u00e9es par quelques entreprises, le risque des p\u00e9nuries internationales de denr\u00e9es et des pics de prix s\u2019accentue ; notre syst\u00e8me \u00e9tant en effet caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une interconnexion \u00e9lev\u00e9e et une r\u00e9sistance faible. Selon les pr\u00e9visions, tout r\u00e9chauffement suppl\u00e9mentaire, cons\u00e9quence des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre actuelles et futures, devrait avoir un effet n\u00e9gatif sur la production de denr\u00e9es. Les mod\u00e8les d\u2019agriculture actuels ne pourront plus fonctionner dans une grande partie du monde. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le rapport du GIEC pr\u00e9voit que<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8 \u00e0 80 millions de personnes suppl\u00e9mentaires soient susceptibles de conna\u00eetre la famine d&rsquo;ici 2050 en fonction du niveau de r\u00e9chauffement. Parmi les plus touch\u00e9s figurent les habitants d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne, d\u2019Asie du Sud et d\u2019Am\u00e9rique centrale. Dans ces r\u00e9gions, les petits et moyens producteurs jouent un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mondiale, car les m\u00e9nages ruraux des pays aux niveaux de revenus faibles \u00e0 interm\u00e9diaires produisent la moiti\u00e9 des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales du monde et la majorit\u00e9 des fruits et l\u00e9gumes. Or, ils ne disposent d\u00e9j\u00e0 pas de ressources suffisantes pour couvrir les pertes dues aux s\u00e9cheresses et \u00e0 d\u2019autres ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d\u2019origine climatique, qui devraient encore s\u2019aggraver, ou s\u2019adapter aux conditions plus difficiles.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">De plus, si les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre restent \u00e9lev\u00e9es, jusqu\u2019\u00e0 30 % des zones de culture et d\u2019\u00e9levage ne pourront plus \u00eatre employ\u00e9s pour la production alimentaire d\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle, d\u2019apr\u00e8s le rapport. \u00c0 l\u2019inverse, si nous r\u00e9duisons rapidement nos \u00e9missions, nous perdrons moins de 8 % de ces terres agricoles. L\u2019Asie du Sud, l\u2019Asie du Sud-Est, certaines r\u00e9gions de l\u2019Australie, la r\u00e9gion du Sahel en Afrique et les zones adjacentes au bassin amazonien en Am\u00e9rique du Sud pr\u00e9sentent la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 la plus forte. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Il n\u2019est tout simplement pas possible de nous adapter \u00e0 ces \u00e9volutions d\u00e9favorables quand elles surviendront ou de les \u00e9viter en prenant d\u00e8s maintenant des mesures d\u2019adaptation. Toutefois, la r\u00e9duction de nos \u00e9missions ainsi que la diversification de nos syst\u00e8mes de production alimentaire et cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement att\u00e9nueront les risques : les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires mondiaux seront \u00e0 la fois plus r\u00e9silients et moins sujets aux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En outre, la transition vers des syst\u00e8mes alimentaires plus \u00e9cologiques et favorables au climat, \u00e0 la fois du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019offre et de la demande, r\u00e9duira d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 elle seule le r\u00e9chauffement. En effet, selon l\u2019Organisation des Nations unies pour l&rsquo;alimentation et l&rsquo;agriculture (FAO), en 2021, les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires mondiaux \u00e9taient responsables de plus d&rsquo;un tiers des \u00e9missions mondiales de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre issues de l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb3%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; 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background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<h2><b>Qu\u2019adviendra-t-il des denr\u00e9es de base ?<\/b><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb3%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_2=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb1824&Prime; image_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbNone\u00a0\u00bb animation_movement_type=\u00a0\u00bbtransform_y\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb10&Prime;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dhana Kencana \/ Climate Visuals<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb40%\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depuis 60 ans, les r\u00e9coltes sont de plus en plus importantes, mais le changement climatique a d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9duit cette croissance de 21 % \u00e0 cause des temp\u00e9ratures plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es, des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames plus fr\u00e9quents et plus puissants, mais aussi des modification des populations de nuisibles et de la d\u00e9gradation des sols. Au cours du si\u00e8cle actuel, les r\u00e9coltes pourraient m\u00eame diminuer de 3,3 % par d\u00e9cennie pour certaines cultures, dont le ma\u00efs, le soja, le riz et le bl\u00e9, en fonction des r\u00e9gions et des vari\u00e9t\u00e9s. Et, bien qu&rsquo;un taux plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de dioxyde de carbone dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re puisse \u00e9ventuellement stimuler les cultures, cet effet ne compensera pas le revers de la m\u00e9daille&#8230; Des niveaux de CO2 plus importants r\u00e9duisent aussi les niveaux de nutriments et de vitamines des cultures.<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Elles deviennent moins nutritives, ce qui peut affecter la pollinisation et la reproduction.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le r\u00e9chauffement d\u2019origine humaine accentuera les risques de d\u00e9fauts de production simultan\u00e9s des cultures cl\u00e9s de pays importants. Le syst\u00e8me alimentaire sera alors soumis \u00e0 un effet domino. Des mod\u00e8les climatiques \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle unissent les r\u00e9coltes de diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions du monde : par exemple, El Ni\u00f1o et La Ni\u00f1a, les phases de r\u00e9chauffement et de refroidissement des variations p\u00e9riodiques des temp\u00e9ratures des vents et de la surface de la mer \u00e0 l\u2019est de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Pacifique tropical. Toute modification de ces mod\u00e8les due au changement climatique peut agir simultan\u00e9ment sur les cultures mondiales. En fait, les donn\u00e9es sugg\u00e8rent que le risque de d\u00e9faut simultan\u00e9 des cultures a d\u00e9j\u00e0 augment\u00e9 pour le bl\u00e9, le soja et le ma\u00efs par rapport \u00e0 la p\u00e9riode 1967-1990. Selon les pr\u00e9visions, ces risques devraient conna\u00eetre une augmentation drastique au fur et \u00e0 mesure de l\u2019intensification du r\u00e9chauffement, tout comme la probabilit\u00e9 de perturbation de l\u2019approvisionnement mondial en nourriture. Le changement climatique, et l\u2019augmentation de la fr\u00e9quence des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale qu\u2019il entra\u00eene, constitue une menace majeure pour les cha\u00eenes d\u2019approvisionnement en nourriture.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si la temp\u00e9rature moyenne mondiale augmente de plus de 2<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00b0<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C, nous ne pourrons pas pr\u00e9server nos niveaux de r\u00e9colte en nous adaptant, et ce, quels que soient les montants investis dans les mesures d\u2019adaptation. Cela dit, l\u2019adaptation est effectivement n\u00e9cessaire. En combinant son co\u00fbt \u00e0 celui des pertes issues du r\u00e9chauffement, la facture totale se chiffrerait \u00e0 63 milliards de dollars pour 1,5 \u00b0C<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour 3\u00b0<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C, elle atteindrait 128 milliards de dollars<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C de r\u00e9chauffement. Or, si nous voulons faire des \u00e9conomies, des solutions existent. Outre une r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions rapide dans tous les secteurs, nous devons concentrer nos efforts sur l\u2019agriculture industrielle : elle est intensive en eau et en \u00e9nergie, emploie beaucoup d\u2019engrais et se fonde sur la monoculture. Il est possible et n\u00e9cessaire de la transformer afin d\u2019adopter une approche plus diversifi\u00e9e et durable. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb3%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<h2><b>Qu\u2019en est-il de l\u2019\u00e9levage ?<\/b><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb3%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_2=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb1542&Prime; image_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbNone\u00a0\u00bb animation_movement_type=\u00a0\u00bbtransform_y\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb10&Prime;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Robert Benson \/ Aurora Photos<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb40%\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019\u00e9levage intensif de bovins et de volailles contribue largement au changement climatique d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine, \u00e0 cause de ses \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, mais aussi de l\u2019ampleur des terres agricoles d\u00e9di\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation animale. Il est souvent n\u00e9cessaire de raser des bois afin de cr\u00e9er des p\u00e2tures pour l\u2019\u00e9levage de bovins. La viande et les produits laitiers sont donc tout particuli\u00e8rement intensifs en \u00e9missions : les arbres abattus ne capturent plus de dioxyde de carbone et le gaz qu\u2019ils avaient stock\u00e9 est rejet\u00e9 dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re. Par ailleurs, quand les vaches dig\u00e8rent, elles produisent du m\u00e9thane, un gaz \u00e0 effet de serre plus puissant que le CO2. Les engrais utilis\u00e9s dans les champs d\u00e9di\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019alimentation animale produisent quant \u00e0 eux des \u00e9missions de protoxyde d\u2019azote suppl\u00e9mentaires. En abordant la probl\u00e9matique par un autre angle, le r\u00e9chauffement d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine s\u2019av\u00e8re aussi n\u00e9faste aux animaux de la ferme, car les temp\u00e9ratures plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es nuisent \u00e0 leur sant\u00e9, leur croissance et leur production. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les rapports du GIEC proposent plusieurs mani\u00e8res de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ce probl\u00e8me. Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019offre, mieux g\u00e9rer les p\u00e2turages, am\u00e9liorer l\u2019utilisation du fumier et augmenter la qualit\u00e9 de la nourriture constituent autant de solutions pour rendre l\u2019\u00e9levage et la production alimentaire moins intensifs en carbone, et donc r\u00e9duire sa contribution au changement climatique d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine. Cependant, \u00e0 terme, la demande doit adopter des r\u00e9gimes plus sains et durables, notamment dans les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, en accordant plus d\u2019importance aux prot\u00e9ines v\u00e9g\u00e9tales et issues des produits de la mer.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb3%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<h2><b>Qu\u2019en est-il de la p\u00eache et des produits de la mer ? <\/b><\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb3%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_2=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][image_with_animation image_url=\u00a0\u00bb1545&Prime; image_size=\u00a0\u00bbfull\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbentrance\u00a0\u00bb animation=\u00a0\u00bbNone\u00a0\u00bb animation_movement_type=\u00a0\u00bbtransform_y\u00a0\u00bb hover_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb alignment=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb image_loading=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb max_width=\u00a0\u00bb100%\u00a0\u00bb max_width_mobile=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb][divider line_type=\u00a0\u00bbNo Line\u00a0\u00bb custom_height=\u00a0\u00bb10&Prime;][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Shibasish Saha \/ Climate Visuals<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb40%\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le changement climatique s\u2019accompagne de nombreuses r\u00e9percussions sur les oc\u00e9ans. Nous entendons souvent parler de l\u2019augmentation des temp\u00e9ratures de surface, de l\u2019acidification et de l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation du niveau des mers, mais nous pourrions aussi citer l\u2019efflorescence algale, les faibles niveaux d\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne, la prolif\u00e9ration des parasites, les vagues de chaleur marines et d\u2019autres ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames. \u00c0 cause des cons\u00e9quences du changement climatique que nous subissons d\u00e9j\u00e0, la production des p\u00eacheries a diminu\u00e9 de 4,1 % entre 1930 et 2010 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale ; certaines r\u00e9gions ont enregistr\u00e9 des pertes allant de 15 \u00e0 35 %. D\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la disparition de p\u00eacheries et d&rsquo;aquacultures locales, les vagues de chaleur marines devraient notamment devenir 20 \u00e0 50 fois plus fr\u00e9quentes d\u2019ici la fin du si\u00e8cle.<\/span>[\/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les populations de poissons sont perturb\u00e9es par les changements profonds qui affectent leur habitat. Cela a une incidence sur les zones de p\u00eache traditionnelles et les prises potentielles dans les r\u00e9gions tropicales. Ces difficult\u00e9s viennent s\u2019ajouter \u00e0 des pratiques d\u00e9j\u00e0 loin d\u2019\u00eatre durables : surp\u00eache g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e, utilisation de filets plastiques qui, ainsi que d\u2019autres engins de p\u00eache \u00ab fant\u00f4me \u00bb ou abandonn\u00e9s, constituent la source de pollution marine la plus mortelle. Encore une fois, en abordant le probl\u00e8me d&rsquo;une autre fa\u00e7on, l\u2019aquaculture, ou \u00ab fermes marines \u00bb, repr\u00e9sente une source de plus en plus importante de poissons, fruits de mer et algues. Or, elle n\u2019est pas \u00e9pargn\u00e9e par les cons\u00e9quences du changement climatique. <\/span>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb3%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_2=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text]\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Ressources utiles<\/h2>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb6%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_2=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_desktop=\u00a0\u00bb18%\u00a0\u00bb left_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb right_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; left_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; right_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bb0&Prime; text_color=\u00a0\u00bbdark\u00a0\u00bb text_align=\u00a0\u00bbleft\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb row_border_radius_applies=\u00a0\u00bbbg\u00a0\u00bb overflow=\u00a0\u00bbvisible\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb shape_divider_position=\u00a0\u00bbbottom\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb gradient_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb shape_type=\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column column_padding=\u00a0\u00bbno-extra-padding\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_phone=\u00a0\u00bbinherit\u00a0\u00bb column_padding_position=\u00a0\u00bball\u00a0\u00bb column_element_direction_desktop=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_element_spacing=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb desktop_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb tablet_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb phone_text_alignment=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb background_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; background_hover_color_opacity=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; column_backdrop_filter=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_shadow=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_radius=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_link_target=\u00a0\u00bb_self\u00a0\u00bb column_position=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb gradient_direction=\u00a0\u00bbleft_to_right\u00a0\u00bb overlay_strength=\u00a0\u00bb0.3&Prime; width=\u00a0\u00bb1\/1&Prime; tablet_width_inherit=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb animation_type=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb bg_image_animation=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb border_type=\u00a0\u00bbsimple\u00a0\u00bb column_border_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb column_border_style=\u00a0\u00bbsolid\u00a0\u00bb][vc_column_text el_class=\u00a0\u00bbbullets&#8211;asterisk\u00a0\u00bb]\n<ul>\n<li>Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) presents its 2022 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9rkE-gAUhBk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a five-minute video<\/a>.<\/strong><\/li>\n<li>Environmental impacts of food production from <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ourworldindata.org\/environmental-impacts-of-food\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Our World in Data<\/a><\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>A <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/episode\/33RrlXN8cAkJBtOzIG963o?go=1&amp;sp_cid=cdf15241681c667eaca7f33f5ef485ac&amp;utm_source=embed_player_p&amp;utm_medium=desktop&amp;nd=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">24-minute episode of Radio Davos<\/a><\/strong>, a podcast from the World Economic Forum, titled \u2018COP26: Feed the world without destroying the climate\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row type=\u00a0\u00bbin_container\u00a0\u00bb full_screen_row_position=\u00a0\u00bbmiddle\u00a0\u00bb column_margin=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_tablet=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb column_direction_phone=\u00a0\u00bbdefault\u00a0\u00bb scene_position=\u00a0\u00bbcenter\u00a0\u00bb bottom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb3%\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_2=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_4=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb constrain_group_6=\u00a0\u00bbyes\u00a0\u00bb 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